Rhinorrhea - CSF discharge from the nose
Rhinorrhea refers to the leakage of cerebrospinal fluid from the nose. It can frequently occur after head trauma, certain brain surgeries, pituitary adenoma surgeries, or in patients with congenital meningocele. Rhinorrhea increases the risk of meningitis, a potentially fatal disease. Therefore, we always try to treat patients with rhinorrhea. Rhinorrhea can be confused with normal nasal discharge due to influenza infections. Nasal discharge can also be caused by allergies, or by heat and cold. If the discharge persists for a long time and becomes suspicious, the nasal discharge is collected in a tube and tested for beta-2 transferrin. If beta-2 transferrin is positive, the fluid is cerebrospinal fluid, and the source of the leakage needs to be located and treated. Sometimes, without finding the source, lumbar tract drainage (draining fluid from the lower back) can be performed, but the discharge may recur.